by
Katherine Matutes, Ph.D.
Many
people have heard the term heat exhaustion.
But did
you know that there are actually three heat-related disorders to be aware of as
the warmer summer days approach?
Heat Cramps
The
mildest of the heat-related disorders, heat cramps, as the name implies, is
accompanied by muscle cramps. The cause of heat cramps is unknown, but it often
occurs during bouts of exercise in warm conditions that promote heavy
sweating. Cramping is frequently the
first warning sign that your body is too hot, not cooling effectively or is
dehydrated. According to the Mayo
Clinic, the best treatment for heat cramps is to stop activity, consume an
electrolyte rich sports beverage or drink water and eat a food high in
potassium, like a banana.
Heat Exhaustion
Symptoms of
this more severe condition include nausea, dizziness, a severe headache,
extreme fatigue, pale skin and profuse sweating. The American Red Cross first
aid training manual recommends that victims of heat exhaustion be moved to a cool
environment, offered cool non-caffeinated beverages, misted with cool water or
wiped with cool moist towels to promote a reduction in the body temperature.
Heat exhaustion victims also should be monitored closely for changes in their
symptoms, because a shift from heat exhaustion to the life-threatening
condition of heat stroke can occur very rapidly.
Heat Stroke
Because heat
stroke is a medical emergency, victims should seek medical attention
immediately. Heat stroke symptoms can include mental confusion and nausea. It’s
important to note that heat stroke victims will no longer be sweating, and
they’ll have a rapid pulse. Treatment includes getting advanced medical care
immediately and cooling the body as quickly as possible by removing the victim
from a hot environment, fanning them, placing ice packs on their groin and arm
pits, misting them with cool water or offering them cool non-caffeinated
beverages if they are able to drink.
The
populations at highest risk for heat related emergencies include infants,
children, the elderly and athletes exercising in hot, humid conditions.
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